Dear brother Abdullah, it is not me who has problem with understanding of concept of translation or interpretation. The best thing to do for you is to translate the verses as you wish and then prove their meanings make sense. If you can do that then I will accept your version otherwise I will point out the problems with your translation.
Also it will be a good idea that you begin with explanation of concept of translation as you understand it so that it could be examined properly whether your understanding of the concept of translation makes any sense to anyone or not.
RULES FOR translations or INTERPRETATION
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation
http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Translation
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/translation/translating-texts.php
http://abctranslations.com/translation-services/default.aspx
http://www.languagealliance.com/legal-translation-tips/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation
http://french.about.com/cs/translation/a/introduction_3.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvxJZV0sxJc&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekNKbCerzD8&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hnp58Flr6CA&feature=related
As I see it translation is all about transferring concepts not at all about choosing a word for another word. To transfer a concept from one language to another is not possible through choosing a word for a word in the source language. The idea or message expressed in one language by a few words may as well need a lot more words than the original. The proof is in the already existing dictionaries. Just to explain one word we can see sentence after sentence explanation of the very same word. Let me explain by bringing in mathematical expression. a=b(c+d-e)+f(g+h-i) In this expression you can see left side is same as right side even though it contains more elements. There is absolutely nothing wrong with writing a for the rest of the elements in the expression or the other way round. Likewise when a word has an explanation then writing a word or its explanation for better understanding is exactly the same thing. Just as an explanation belongs to the word so the word belongs to the explanation. Simple words are ok for people who have sophisticated minds that have ability to understand the simply expressed forms but less able minds need more explanations therefore the need for more and more expansions of the words through explanations just to ensure the actual concept has been expressed as fully as possible in order to eliminate error as much as possible.
In order to translate the verses you have pointed out, one has to have all possible meanings of each of the used words used in these verses and in addition one must remember that one is translating a message so it ought to have as concept and that concept has to have a context. In addition one must also pay attention to the fact that this message is not just any message but message of God ie a no nonsense message. Therefore rendering it in a way that fulfils all these like requirements is absolutely necessary.
Now take your example about use of word date and look at it in the light of my explanation and see what you get.
Likewise if you translate these like quranic verses to prove miracles by prophet moosaa then you will end up proving quran false because as I already explained make belief ideas would render anything senseless, especially for those not familiar with the quran already and have no ides about its use of language and are logical and fact based thinkers. It is the very reason people treat the quran just like book of any other religion full of superstitious stuff because mullahs have rendered the quran according to their make beliefs. Not only that their such rendering of the quran is wrong but they do not let anyone else interpret it any other way even though the text of the quran can be interpreted the way it should be.
It is all part of grand conspiracy against islam because if islam becomes known as it is supposed to be known then all other isms will have no place in the world and that is why nonmuslim sources fund our ruling elite parties and our mullah organisations that fool muslim masses and so all such participants use and abuse masses as they please in the name of politics, economics and religion etc etc.
This is why if we are really interested in our own well being then we must rediscover quran for what it is. This is why we must see what were rules sir syed promoted and what was the idea farahi promoted and why iqbal and jinnah and parwez like people became convinced that those ideas were right and developed them further because they saw them as worthy ideas.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RA5XAdbJ04&feature=related
regards and all the best.