INDIA the land of educational frauds

Tyrion Lannister

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
India records the highest cases of inconsistencies in the background of the job – seekers:

The Background Discrepancy Survey by First Advantage has given India the notorious label of being the centriole of the highest number of cases of employment related inconsistencies. The survey had been carried out globally, and the data had been collected from the employment log of various industries.

While an alarming rate of 50% of male job aspirants forging their previous job experience certificates have been exposed, the statistics of 2013 indicates cases of dissonance in the various employment sectors to be 71.5%. 50% of the job seekers with fake credentials pertain to the BFSI segment, with 18% in the IT sector. In the mid – level companies, background checks are usually perfunctory, only the top corporate go for a serious screening of the credentials of the candidate. Educational authorities in Maharashtra,

Kerala and several other states, have stumbled upon cases of even professors working for various reputed educational institutes, to be holders of fake credentials. And why should it not be? As per a rough estimate, there are about 2500 fake universities and 7500 fake companies existing in India!

The high rate of unemployment in our country and the exorbitant costs of higher education further fuel the educational fraud rackets, selling forged certificates to the students and job seekers, with the right low on morals and the necessary criminal streak to avail a shortcut to success. It has been found that, not only bogus universities, but also reputed institutes are involved in the forged certificates racket.

A decent MBA degree from a reputed institute will cost you a minimum of Rs 7 to 8 lakhs and three years. What, if you get the same degree for one tenth of that amount and in 15 days? Yes, there are many takers, who usually go out of the state they belong to, and apply for jobs in different states, where the chances of getting exposed are even slimmer. While Uttar Pradesh tops the list of bogus universities, Karnataka records the highest number of employment background inconsistency cases.
The case of fake companies will be dealt in another article.

This article exclusively focuses on the educational fraud rackets. Discussed below are some cases of the fake certificate rackets that had been cracked by the legal authorities.
Cases of fake educational credentials in Maharashtra:
26 universities across the country have been declared fake, and the MPhil and PhD degrees accredited by these universities have been designated worthless, by the Dr. Babasahib Ambedkar Marathawada University (BAMU), which includes, Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University in Rajasthan,

Chandra Mohan Jha University (CMJ) in Shillong and the Algappa University in Tamilnadu. The issue was brought under light when three BAMU professors were found to be in possession of degrees accredited by the fake CMJ University. The Maharashtra Government had issued a notice in June 2013 to all universities, to nullify the appointment and other privileges, being enjoyed by professors, who had acquired such positions, on the basis of degrees acquired from the dubious CMJ University. The ensuing investigation revealed 29 other cases of employment, on the basis of fake certificates, in universities of Solapur, Nanded, Gadchiroli and Nagpur. BAMU was envisaged in December 2012, following the instructions of the central directorate of higher education.

BAMU adheres to the guidelines provide by the University Grants Commission (UGC). So far BAMU had examined 65 universities, of which 21 were found to be counterfeit, and the Phd and MPhil degrees allocated by five universities under scrutiny were found to be invalid. BAMU is implementing further screening procedures to identify professors employed by various universities with fake credentials!
Cases of fake educational credentials in Vishakhapatnam:

In Vishakhapatnam, the police had arrested four individuals in connection with the fake certificates of a number of universities including secondary education boards of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Among the articles confiscated were two laptops, 300 fake certificates, rubber stamps and other associated materials. According to the statement issued by the police, the alleged culprits used to access the websites of different universities using Internet.

They downloaded copies of original as well as provisional certificates of different institutes, which were later scanned to forge the signatures of the signatory authorities of the said institutions. The racket was selling each counterfeit certificate at a price of Rs 12,000 to 30, 000, depending on the degree and the demand of the course. The racket had sold nearly 118 such fake certificates, which include certificates for SSC, graduation, post graduation, MSc, MCA, MTech and MBA streams of various reputed institutes.

Of the four alleged involved in this counterfeit racket, one is still absconding. The arrested racketeers had also swindled a number of unemployed individuals and students with promises of jobs, in the private sector and overseas.

Cases of fake educational credentials in Kerala:
In yet another instance of fake certificates, the University of Kerala had unraveled over six cases of bogus certificate holders and over 12 cases of fake graduation certificate holders in just a months’ time in Thiruvananthapuram. However, the rackets, forging such fake certificates and the holders of bogus credentials still remains unidentified. As per the statements of the University pro – vice –chancellor, N Veeramanikandan, “I’ve just completed a month in my post.

During this brief period I’ve come across at least six or seven cases of fake certificates. Most enquiries for certificate verification come from the agencies and companies outside the state. In some cases, even the fake signature of VCs doesn’t match with the original term in the office. We have not been able to take any stern actions as the chances of identifying fake certificate rackets and those who obtain the same are remote”.
Controller of Examinations, K Madhukumar commented that, though the University has come across a considerable number of fake credential cases, the authorities are not at liberty to seek police assistance. While citing the example of a recent discovery of 15 such fakes, amongst certificates that had been submitted for verification,

he further confirmed, “Whenever the university confirms that a certificate it received for verification is fake, we inform the applicant about the same. We also request them to pass the original address of the certificate holder so that we can initiate action. However, no agencies or companies have so far heeded to our request. We cannot approach the police without the real name or address of the fake certificate holder. We will have to find other options”.

Cases of fake educational credentials in Lucknow:
In another scam of a similar nature, nine officials of the Lucknow University were alleged of selling bogus certificates to a number of students, of which 18 individuals were successful in acquiring an admission in the Basic Training Certificate (BTC) Institute of the district, on the basis of the said bogus credentials. The authentication process of the documents brought the scam under focus.

An investigation into the matter by the CB – CID revealed, not only the Lucknow University officials, but the alleged involvement of three Agra University officials in the scam, as well. The felonious students accused with the case of cheating had surrendered before the court, while a local court in Muzaffarnagar had issued non – bailable warrants against the nine alleged officials of the Lucknow University, when they failed to put up an appearance in the court, on the date of hearing of the counterfeit credential case.

Conclusion – UGC declared bogus universities in the country:
UGC has declared 21 universities across the country as bogus. Furnished below is a state wise list of such universities:
• UTTAR PRADESH: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Open University (Aligarh), Maharana Pratap Shiksha Niketan Vishwavidyalaya \

(Pratapgarh), Gurukul Vishyavidyalaya and Uttar Pradesh Vishyavidyalaya (Mathura), Indraprastha Shiksha Parishad (Noida), Varanaseya Sankrit Vishwavidyalaya (Varanasi), National University Of Electro – Complex Homeopathy (Kanpur), Mahila Gram Vidyapith (Women’s University) and Gandhi Hindi Vidyapith (Allahabad)
• MAHARASHTRA: Raja Arabic University
• WEST BENGAL: Indian Institute of Alternative Medicine (Kolkata)
• BIHAR: Mithila University (Darbhanga)
• MADHYA PRADESH : Keserwani Vidyapith
• KARNATAKA : Badaganvi Sarkar World Open University (Gokak, Belgaum)
• TAMIL NADU : DDB Sanskrit University (Putur, Trichi)
• KERALA : St. John’s University (Kishanattam)
• DELHI : Commercial Universities Limited, United Nations University, Vocational University, ADR Centric Judicial University and Indian Institute Of Science and Engineering
UGC has given a serious warning to the said institutions. The UGC notice clearly mentioned, “……running of under – graduate or post – graduate degree courses and giving misleading advertisements shall attract severe actions under UGC Act, IPC….”.



http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india...e-universities-and-forged-degree-certificates
 
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Altaf Lutfi

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
India has same evils in the system like ours but Indians are far ahead in field of supporting common man. Look at the lunch in school scheme and the piles of funds allocated yearly, or look at the scheme to offer basic commodities to poor on heavily subsidized rates.
 

Tyrion Lannister

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
India has same evils in the system like ours but Indians are far ahead in field of supporting common man. Look at the lunch in school scheme and the piles of funds allocated yearly, or look at the scheme to offer basic commodities to poor on heavily subsidized rates.
agreed but its also a fact that they r good in marketing, from their movies to so called phd's quality is not there but marketing is always sky high
 

Altaf Lutfi

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
Uncovering such gangs at random is routine in even developed countries and in this post the matter seems to be blown out of proportion. As we know that Indian engineers are back bone of many mega projects in African countries, we see them part of International space programs, they have taken over positions on boards of multinationals and even a single city, Indian Silicone valley- Banglore produces wealth over 12 billion dollars a year. This all is not achieved through FAKE degrees but real intellect and progress.

Problem as usual here is that Indians and Pakistanis get sort of biased while talking about each other. Taking big leaps in last 30 years, India has gone far beyond our imagination. Even on simple standards Pakistan can not compare itself with India. Being a big country, it has its own big advantages and big troubles to face.
 

chandbibi

Minister (2k+ posts)
You are very right. By cherry picking articles Indians write to expose the lacunae in their own system and highlighting them as endemic problems of India (which by the way are no way exclusive to India) pakistanis are being lulled in to a false sense of we are much better than India. That said if the purpose was to learn and better oneself it could still be excused, but sadly the purpose seems only to instill a fake sense of hope that India is backward so its alright for Pakistan to be so. The reality is quite different and Pakistanis are a bit late to wake up to the India that has gone far ahead of its reach or imagination.

Uncovering such gangs at random is routine in even developed countries and in this post the matter seems to be blown out of proportion. As we know that Indian engineers are back bone of many mega projects in African countries, we see them part of International space programs, they have taken over positions on boards of multinationals and even a single city, Indian Silicone valley- Banglore produces wealth over 12 billion dollars a year. This all is not achieved through FAKE degrees but real intellect and progress.

Problem as usual here is that Indians and Pakistanis get sort of biased while talking about each other. Taking big leaps in last 30 years, India has gone far beyond our imagination. Even on simple standards Pakistan can not compare itself with India. Being a big country, it has its own big advantages and big troubles to face.
 

chandbibi

Minister (2k+ posts)
Marketing comes much later in a Product Life Cycle. First you have to identify the need, then you have to design a product which satisfies that need, then you need the capability to manufacture that product after which you need the capacity to be able to sell the product to the wholesale and retail chain. After this comes marketing which is a support for all that has gone on before to ensure the existence of the product is made known to its Target Audience, and it suitably packaged and advertised so its adopted and both the consumer and the marketeer benefit. To cut a long story short, its not just marketing, its an overall grasp on the pulse of the environment.

agreed but its also a fact that they r good in marketing, from their movies to so called phd's quality is not there but marketing is always sky high
 
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AISHAH

Politcal Worker (100+ posts)
I know one thing, rate of hire for Keralite is Dinar 120 / month where for same job position Dinars for Pakistani is Dinar 450 & I do not see in money earned per individual are better abroad in terms per capita ? Poor quality gets one so much where quality gets more satisfaction, university in India or Pakistan one should see the ssuccess pass of A+ grades. At the rate value?
 
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modern.fakir

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
Study: Less Than 10% of Indian MBA Graduates Are Employable


OB-OH368_imanag_G_20110613003420.jpg


Amit Dave/Reuters Students and faculty members of the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad attended their annual convocation ceremony, March 26, 2011.

Indias estimated 3,300 business schools churn out tens of thousands of management graduates each year. But only a small fraction of them are employable, or possess basic skills necessary to work in sectors ranging from marketing to finance, according to an unpublished study.
B-School graduates are finding out the hard way. Hitesh Kumar, who completed his MBA from a business school in Allahabad, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, earlier this year, has been unable to find a job as an investment banker.

In at least half a dozen job interviews this year, Mr. Kumar said he struggled to make an impression on recruiters, mainly because of his lack of fluency in English.

I thought at least an MBA would guarantee a job, Mr. Kumar, who specialized in finance, told India Real Time. I was mistaken, he adds. Mr. Kumar is now assisting his father in the family business, while continuing to search for investment banking jobs on the side.
Mr. Kumars experience is not unique, say experts. A study that will be released later this week by Aspiring Minds, a Gurgaon-based talent management firm, found that Indias B-schools dont teach their students basic skills like communication, which are essential for getting management jobs.

Aspiring Minds based its conclusions on a so-called employability test it conducted on 32,000 MBA graduates from 220 business schools across India. The test, which quizzed graduates on topics ranging from grammar to quantitative analysis, found that only 10% of those tested had skills that recruiters typically look for while hiring management graduates.

The study found that less than half of the students tested had some knowledge of key industry terms and concepts in their areas of specialty. For instance, a third of the surveyed students who had majored in finance, did not know what IPO short for initial public offering stood for.
A third of all students tested lacked basic English grammar skills, a prerequisite for working in the corporate environment, particularly in client-facing roles like consulting, banking, marketing and sales.

Aspiring Minds Chief Executive Himanshu Aggarwal says that a large number of Indias business schools underestimate the importance of soft skills.

Except for a few major business schools, which have rigorous entrance exams, Mr. Aggarwal notes that Indian business schools dont test applicants on verbal and written English. That hurts MBA graduates in the long run, because recruiters routinely turn down applicants who have poor communication skills.

You may have exemplary analytical skills, but if you arent fluent in English, youre likely to be shown the door, says Mr. Aggarwal.
Other studies also point to how difficult it is to employ MBA graduates in India. Earlier this year, Bangalore-based education consultancy MeritTac conducted a study of 2,264 MBA students in the country and found that only 21% of them were considered fit for employment.
Some industry experts say that these findings are evidence that Indias MBA curriculum is flawed because of its emphasis on rote learning rather than on hands-on experience.

The one-size-fits-all curriculum doesnt give students a chance to get an in-depth understanding of their area of specialization, says Saurabh Mukherjea, head of the equity division at Mumbai financial services firm Ambit Capital. Mr. Mukherjea adds that industry-specific skills and vocational training is glaringly missing in most Indian business schools.

Rohit Sarin, who heads Client Associates, a Gurgaon-based private wealth management firm, agrees. Mr. Sarin says companies like his are opting to hire individuals with a few years of work experience over fresh MBA graduates who have little or no work experience prior to enrolling in business school in India.

To make Indian MBA graduates more employable, Mr. Sarin says business schools need to make a conscious effort to bridge the gap between theory and practice.
Follow Preetika and India Real Time on Twitter @preetika_rana and @indiarealtime.
For the latest news and analysis, follow @WSJIndia
 

expat_loyal

Councller (250+ posts)
You are very right. By cherry picking articles Indians write to expose the lacunae in their own system and highlighting them as endemic problems of India (which by the way are no way exclusive to India) pakistanis are being lulled in to a false sense of we are much better than India. That said if the purpose was to learn and better oneself it could still be excused, but sadly the purpose seems only to instill a fake sense of hope that India is backward so its alright for Pakistan to be so. The reality is quite different and Pakistanis are a bit late to wake up to the India that has gone far ahead of its reach or imagination.

Yeah Gushti ithe duty te hazir hey.........
 

chandbibi

Minister (2k+ posts)
@modern.fakir

Instead of worrying about the employability of Indian MBA graduates you must worry about the students with whom you graduated. Indian MBA's don't join extremist outfits. This article was written in 2011 and you still haven't learnt anything i guess. lol. Talking about education and employability of Indians. [hilar][hilar]

Madrassa Graduates and Labour Market Mis-Matches

The proliferation of madrassa education in Pakistan has contributed to labour market mismatches. According to the Pakistan government’s own statistics in 2008 alone twice as many students were enrolled in the 12,500 madrassas than in the 124-odd universities.

Given the curriculum taught in madrassas, most graduates are ill-equipped for gainful employment in a knowledge-based economy. Such graduates, frustrated by their limited or non-existent employment prospects, have often gravitated towards militancy and extremism.

Madrassas in Pakistan flourished under late General Ziaul Haq who used Islamisation of the state and the society to prolong his rule. Whereas the population increased by 29 per cent during 1972 and 1981, the number of graduates from religious schools in Pakistan increased by 195 per cent during the same period. This resulted in an oversupply of graduates from religious schools who had limited employment prospects.

The military and civil governments that followed the Zia regime also did little to address the dramatic increase in the number of madrassas and the students enrolled in such institutions. The number of madrassas jumped from 2,800 in 1988 to 9,900 in 2002. The Deobandi madrassas saw the largest increase during that period reaching a total of 7,000 institutions. In fact, the increase in the number of Deobandi madrassas was higher than the number of all other madrassas combined.
image001.png

Source: Rahman, T. Madrasas: Potential for violence in Pakistan in Madrasas in South Asia: teaching terror? Edited by Jamal Malik. Routledge 2008. pp. 64.

Professor Jamal Malik, who holds the Islamic Studies chair at Erfurt University in Germany, was amongst the first to undertake a systematic study of “colonialisation of Islam” where he focussed on how religious education was transformed under late General Zia. In 1987, Professor Malik highlighted the labour market mismatch for the thousands of madrassa graduates whose religious training was out-of-step with the skills needed to be employed in the civilian workforce.
The madrassa graduates were initially disadvantaged in the competitive labour markets because their asnaad (diplomas) were not recognised by those outside the religious establishment. The fix was however provided by the Zia regime in 1982 when the University Grants Commission decreed that madrassa diplomas were equivalent to an MA in Arabic or Islamic Studies.
Despite the equivalency for academic credentials, the madrassa graduates did not experience any meaningful increase in their employability in the urban employment markets where the services sector had emerged as the major provider of employment. The Zia regime tried to generate employment for the unemployed religious graduates by introducing Arabic and other religious subjects in the school curricula. However, the supply of religious graduates far exceeded the demand resulting in a large number of disgruntled and frustrated madrassa graduates whose numbers continued to swell in the decades following the Zia regime.
According to Professor Malik, the armed forces tried to offer reprieve to the burgeoning number of unemployed madrassa graduates. Under General Zia, the army took out advertisements in madrassa publications, such as Al-Haq (Akora Khattak), encouraging graduates to join the forces as soldiers or in other capacities.
Professor Malik’s study exposed the systematic spatial and socio-economic trends instrumental in the backgrounds of madrassa students. Most graduates of the Deobandi madrassas came from rural and economically deprived parts of Balochistan and (formally) NWFP. On the other hand, most students in Barelvi madrassas were of middle or lower middle class background belonging to semi-urban parts of Punjab. And whereas the growth of the Deobandi madrassas outpaced the rest, the madrassas operated by Barelvis, Ahle-Hadiths, and Jamat-i-Islami also experienced resurgence under the Zia regime.
The Deobandi madrassas, which grew at a faster rate in the Pashtun areas, were also more radical and closely linked with the war against the Soviet Army in Afghanistan. The Deobandi madrassas have continued to become even more radicalised over the years. In a recent study of religious institutions in AhmedpurSharqi (East), S. H. Ali found that 80 per cent of the 166 Deobandi madrassas were involved in sectarian activities compared to only 25 per cent of the 166 Barelvi madrassas.* At the same time, seven out of 10 Shia madrassas were found to be involved in sectarian activities.
Deobandis were not the only ones who were mobilised to serve in militias fighting the Soviet Army and its allies in Afghanistan. Barelvis and others, including Shias, were also coopted in the great game. The Lebanon-based Hezbollah was mobilised to convince Shias in Afghanistan and Pakistan to join Deobandis and others in the fight against the Soviets. In early nineties, the then Hezbollah Chief, Sheikh Abbas Al-Musawi, showed up in Pakistan where he met with not just the madrassa students, but also addressed students enrolled in universities in Peshawar.

The battle-hardened graduates of madrassas, who had served in Afghanistan, returned initially to a hero’s welcome during mid- to late-80s. Given their persistent lack of employable skills required in the services sector and despite their marshal prowess earned in Afghanistan, the madrassa graduates continued to face the same dim employment prospects.
Professor Jamal Malik sensed the hazards latent in an oversupply of religious youth who were armed and laureates of guerrilla warfare. As early as in 1987, he ominously warned that the large number of madrassa graduates in the future would result in “a very high probability that the Government will be faced with an enormous problem in the next five to ten years to come.”
By mid-90s, as per Professor Malik’ stark warnings, the Taliban (lead by the graduates of mostly Deobandi madrassas in Pakistan) and their allies had marched out of Pakistan in all different directions. Years later, the same madrassa graduates returned to Pakistan to start an armed struggle against the State, which has resulted in the violent death of over 37,000 Pakistanis and at the same time has destabilised the state and the society.
While Professor Malik had warned against the threats posed by an army of unemployed madrassa graduates much before others, there was however no shortage of warnings by other notables against creating such militias. In October 1996, when the Taliban were busy taking control of Afghanistan in a violent struggle against other Afghans, Brahma Chellaney, a professor of security studies at the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi, warned the world about the folly of jumping in bed with the Taliban. He wrote: “Whatever its political future, the Taleban is likely to swell the ranks of Afghan war alumni waging international terrorism.”
Later in May 1999, Ahmed Shah Masood also warned Pakistan and the rest of what to expect from the Taliban once they were done with Afghanistan. Masood knew well of the Taliban’s motives who wanted to “impose their version of Islam in Afghanistan, and then export it elsewhere.” He was prophetic in his assessment of the inherent risks of a complete takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban, which he shared with the Sydney Morning Herald: “If we don't resist they will go on to Uzbekistan or Pakistan. They can't keep still."
The challenge remains as to how one can integrate madrassa graduates in the workforce, thus preventing them from joining extremist organisations. The madrassa reforms, which advocate introducing English, math and science in the madrassa curricula, have largely been ineffective and ill-conceived. Such reforms fail to appreciate the self-selection bias inherent in madrassa enrolments. Those who are more likely to fail in English, math and science subjects end up in madrassas. Revising the curriculum by adding these subjects will lead to higher failure rates, which would further add to frustration of madrassa students.
Instead of teaching English or math, I would recommend vocational training for all madrassa students. Despite the economic hardship, Pakistan boasts a growing, albeit struggling at times, middle class that sustains the demand for new homes, cars, and motorcycles. Pakistan needs electricians, plumbers, motor mechanics and other similar craftsmen who can demand a decent wage in the current market place. Furthermore, with some technical experience gained in Pakistan, the madrassa graduates can search for similar work in the Middle East where they can earn higher wages for their skills, which will also include some fluency in Arabic.
Without any vocational training for madrassa graduates we will only compound our security concerns in Pakistan.

http://www.dawn.com/news/666196/madrassa-graduates-and-labour-market-mismatches
 
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modern.fakir

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
[hilar][hilar]...Yeah but even those madrassah graduates are more employable than your Temple indoctrinated Gaurav Gatha minions who rip out fetuses from the bellies of pregnant women.

Where was there education level when they commit attrocities in Gujrat, kashmir, nagaland and seven sister states ....Here your entire state is being indoctrinated and it doesnt take a rocket scientist to figure it out...

Communal violence is ever increasing under this Butcher's government and on top of that only 10 % of india's graduates are employable ....This is what ends up happening to the rest of the 90 % idiots ..


"Communal fever" spreading with BJP in power, Sharad Pawar's veiled attack


Sunday, 8 June 2014 - 8:39pm IST | Agency: PTI

http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-communal-fever-spreading-with-bjp-in-power-sharad-pawar-s-veiled-attack-1994288





  • chief Sharad Pawar today said "communal fever" is spreading after BJP came to power in a veiled attack on the ruling party over the alleged involvement of a radical Hindu outfit in the murder of a techie in Pune. "Fifteen days have passed since BJP has come to power with absolute majority and a communal fever is spreading.




@modern.fakir

Instead of worrying about the employability of Indian MBA graduates you must worry about the students with whom you graduated. Indian MBA's don't join extremist outfits. This article was written in 2011 and you still haven't learnt anything i guess. lol. Talking about education and employability of Indians. [hilar][hilar]

Madrassa Graduates and Labour Market Mis-Matches

The proliferation of madrassa education in Pakistan has contributed to labour market mismatches. According to the Pakistan government’s own statistics in 2008 alone twice as many students were enrolled in the 12,500 madrassas than in the 124-odd universities.

Given the curriculum taught in madrassas, most graduates are ill-equipped for gainful employment in a knowledge-based economy. Such graduates, frustrated by their limited or non-existent employment prospects, have often gravitated towards militancy and extremism.

Madrassas in Pakistan flourished under late General Ziaul Haq who used Islamisation of the state and the society to prolong his rule. Whereas the population increased by 29 per cent during 1972 and 1981, the number of graduates from religious schools in Pakistan increased by 195 per cent during the same period. This resulted in an oversupply of graduates from religious schools who had limited employment prospects.

The military and civil governments that followed the Zia regime also did little to address the dramatic increase in the number of madrassas and the students enrolled in such institutions. The number of madrassas jumped from 2,800 in 1988 to 9,900 in 2002. The Deobandi madrassas saw the largest increase during that period reaching a total of 7,000 institutions. In fact, the increase in the number of Deobandi madrassas was higher than the number of all other madrassas combined.
image001.png

Source: Rahman, T. Madrasas: Potential for violence in Pakistan in Madrasas in South Asia: teaching terror? Edited by Jamal Malik. Routledge 2008. pp. 64.

Professor Jamal Malik, who holds the Islamic Studies chair at Erfurt University in Germany, was amongst the first to undertake a systematic study of “colonialisation of Islam” where he focussed on how religious education was transformed under late General Zia. In 1987, Professor Malik highlighted the labour market mismatch for the thousands of madrassa graduates whose religious training was out-of-step with the skills needed to be employed in the civilian workforce.
The madrassa graduates were initially disadvantaged in the competitive labour markets because their asnaad (diplomas) were not recognised by those outside the religious establishment. The fix was however provided by the Zia regime in 1982 when the University Grants Commission decreed that madrassa diplomas were equivalent to an MA in Arabic or Islamic Studies.
Despite the equivalency for academic credentials, the madrassa graduates did not experience any meaningful increase in their employability in the urban employment markets where the services sector had emerged as the major provider of employment. The Zia regime tried to generate employment for the unemployed religious graduates by introducing Arabic and other religious subjects in the school curricula. However, the supply of religious graduates far exceeded the demand resulting in a large number of disgruntled and frustrated madrassa graduates whose numbers continued to swell in the decades following the Zia regime.
According to Professor Malik, the armed forces tried to offer reprieve to the burgeoning number of unemployed madrassa graduates. Under General Zia, the army took out advertisements in madrassa publications, such as Al-Haq (Akora Khattak), encouraging graduates to join the forces as soldiers or in other capacities.
Professor Malik’s study exposed the systematic spatial and socio-economic trends instrumental in the backgrounds of madrassa students. Most graduates of the Deobandi madrassas came from rural and economically deprived parts of Balochistan and (formally) NWFP. On the other hand, most students in Barelvi madrassas were of middle or lower middle class background belonging to semi-urban parts of Punjab. And whereas the growth of the Deobandi madrassas outpaced the rest, the madrassas operated by Barelvis, Ahle-Hadiths, and Jamat-i-Islami also experienced resurgence under the Zia regime.
The Deobandi madrassas, which grew at a faster rate in the Pashtun areas, were also more radical and closely linked with the war against the Soviet Army in Afghanistan. The Deobandi madrassas have continued to become even more radicalised over the years. In a recent study of religious institutions in AhmedpurSharqi (East), S. H. Ali found that 80 per cent of the 166 Deobandi madrassas were involved in sectarian activities compared to only 25 per cent of the 166 Barelvi madrassas.* At the same time, seven out of 10 Shia madrassas were found to be involved in sectarian activities.
Deobandis were not the only ones who were mobilised to serve in militias fighting the Soviet Army and its allies in Afghanistan. Barelvis and others, including Shias, were also coopted in the great game. The Lebanon-based Hezbollah was mobilised to convince Shias in Afghanistan and Pakistan to join Deobandis and others in the fight against the Soviets. In early nineties, the then Hezbollah Chief, Sheikh Abbas Al-Musawi, showed up in Pakistan where he met with not just the madrassa students, but also addressed students enrolled in universities in Peshawar.

The battle-hardened graduates of madrassas, who had served in Afghanistan, returned initially to a hero’s welcome during mid- to late-80s. Given their persistent lack of employable skills required in the services sector and despite their marshal prowess earned in Afghanistan, the madrassa graduates continued to face the same dim employment prospects.
Professor Jamal Malik sensed the hazards latent in an oversupply of religious youth who were armed and laureates of guerrilla warfare. As early as in 1987, he ominously warned that the large number of madrassa graduates in the future would result in “a very high probability that the Government will be faced with an enormous problem in the next five to ten years to come.”
By mid-90s, as per Professor Malik’ stark warnings, the Taliban (lead by the graduates of mostly Deobandi madrassas in Pakistan) and their allies had marched out of Pakistan in all different directions. Years later, the same madrassa graduates returned to Pakistan to start an armed struggle against the State, which has resulted in the violent death of over 37,000 Pakistanis and at the same time has destabilised the state and the society.
While Professor Malik had warned against the threats posed by an army of unemployed madrassa graduates much before others, there was however no shortage of warnings by other notables against creating such militias. In October 1996, when the Taliban were busy taking control of Afghanistan in a violent struggle against other Afghans, Brahma Chellaney, a professor of security studies at the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi, warned the world about the folly of jumping in bed with the Taliban. He wrote: “Whatever its political future, the Taleban is likely to swell the ranks of Afghan war alumni waging international terrorism.”
Later in May 1999, Ahmed Shah Masood also warned Pakistan and the rest of what to expect from the Taliban once they were done with Afghanistan. Masood knew well of the Taliban’s motives who wanted to “impose their version of Islam in Afghanistan, and then export it elsewhere.” He was prophetic in his assessment of the inherent risks of a complete takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban, which he shared with the Sydney Morning Herald: “If we don't resist they will go on to Uzbekistan or Pakistan. They can't keep still."
The challenge remains as to how one can integrate madrassa graduates in the workforce, thus preventing them from joining extremist organisations. The madrassa reforms, which advocate introducing English, math and science in the madrassa curricula, have largely been ineffective and ill-conceived. Such reforms fail to appreciate the self-selection bias inherent in madrassa enrolments. Those who are more likely to fail in English, math and science subjects end up in madrassas. Revising the curriculum by adding these subjects will lead to higher failure rates, which would further add to frustration of madrassa students.
Instead of teaching English or math, I would recommend vocational training for all madrassa students. Despite the economic hardship, Pakistan boasts a growing, albeit struggling at times, middle class that sustains the demand for new homes, cars, and motorcycles. Pakistan needs electricians, plumbers, motor mechanics and other similar craftsmen who can demand a decent wage in the current market place. Furthermore, with some technical experience gained in Pakistan, the madrassa graduates can search for similar work in the Middle East where they can earn higher wages for their skills, which will also include some fluency in Arabic.
Without any vocational training for madrassa graduates we will only compound our security concerns in Pakistan.

http://www.dawn.com/news/666196/madrassa-graduates-and-labour-market-mismatches
 

AISHAH

Politcal Worker (100+ posts)
You know funny thing is : the same idiots will be ditched by the west for whatever reasons,
What did they get out of west? From back in 1990s increased # of international students PAYING their way just like Arabie bhai for annual education fees, no confirm jobs at end of graduation resulting that money wasted, zero tolerance in west for immigrants, some outsourcing here & there but taken out by Philippines, honestly I can't think any solid facts what so called " Incredible India" has really achieved?
Rape cases on increase, i would like to see idiots go in the west & try it overt there?

Its just matter of time :)
 

desicad

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
all m sayin "jo dikhta hai wo bikta hai" it dz nt mean jo bik ra hai wo bhtr b hai baat khtm
jo dikhta hai wohi bikega, nothing new in it, but you didn't add quality hogi wohi chalega.......every year thousands of Indian professionals are picked up by reputed big multinationals across the globe, not only that many go on to occupy CEO and other top positions......
Why Microsoft and Everyone Else Loves Indian CEOs
http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-02-05/why-microsoft-and-everyone-else-loves-indian-ceos
 

Tyrion Lannister

Chief Minister (5k+ posts)
jo dikhta hai wohi bikega, nothing new in it, but you didn't add quality hogi wohi chalega.......every year thousands of Indian professionals are picked up by reputed big multinationals across the globe, not only that many go on to occupy CEO and other top positions......
Why Microsoft and Everyone Else Loves Indian CEOs
http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-02-05/why-microsoft-and-everyone-else-loves-indian-ceos

1. there is a difference between indian and british indian, american indian most of those ceo's are american citizens educated from there, spent their life there so they are more american than indian, like amir khan is british boxer not pakistani boxer
2. there are hundreds of pakistanis on such posts as well but u dnt see them cx india is much bigger market and its population is also huge